Are Parts of the U.S.A. Patriot Act Unconstitutional Research Paper

Are Parts of the U.S.A. Patriot Act Unconstitutional - Research Paper Example A Patriot Act is not unconstitutional because†¦ 1. The Patriot Act enhances effective communication between various agencies that fight against terrorism 2. It liberalized many rules with respect to investigation and surveillance to help Federal agencies responsible for crime prevention. 3. It provides increased funding for victims of terrorist attacks and their families, as well as for the rebuilding of business and infrastructure that are damaged by terrorism 4. It helps investigating agencies to deal with the technologically sophisticated terrorists. 5. It cut off support networks that provide enough support to terrorist groups The major criticism labeled against the Patriot Act is the threat raised by it to the fundamental rights and liberties of people. In the name of safety and security, investigating agencies can interrogate and imprison anybody based on suspicion. It is not necessary that the information gathered by the investigating agencies is always correct. False inf ormation lead investigating agencies to arrest even innocent people in the name of Patriot act. It is impossible for Americans to keep their privacy intact after the introduction of this act. In short, patriot act prevents people from enjoying their natural rights, freedom and liberties. The second disadvantage of patriot act is the fact that it allows indefinite imprisonment of anybody based on mere suspicion without access to counsel or meaningful recourse to the Federal courts. Before the introduction of Patriot act, it was mandatory to the investigating agencies to present a person in custody in courts within a specified time period. Now it is possible for the investigating agencies to keep a suspected person in custody as long as they wish without presenting him in the courts. Even innocent people forced to suffer the torture of investigating officials because of these controversial clauses in patriot act. â€Å"The Patriot Act provides sweeping power to government agencies to monitor the personal habits of not only those who have been identified as suspected terrorists, but anyone residing in the United States as well as United States citizens residing abroad†i. The third disadvantage of patriot act is the permission given to Federal agents to conduct searches without search warrants. Earlier, search warrants were mandatory before conducting any searches in houses or apartments. Now it is not necessary for the investigating officials to get the permission from courts to conduct searches in any locations. It should be noted that even during midnights, investigating agents creating troubles to innocent people. In short, investigating officials can misuse the authority given to them by patriot act to conduct searches without taking permission either from the courts or from the suspected person. The patriot permits FBI to monitor even religious services, internet chat rooms, political demonstrations, and other public meeting

Gulf Cooperation Council Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gulf Cooperation Council - Essay Example They signed the agreement to the establishment of the GCC on 25 May 1981 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia after conclusive discussions that started on 4 February 1981 in Riyadh. They later signed the unified economic agreement on 11 November 1981 in Abu Dhabi. Initially, the Gulf Cooperation Council covered about 630-million-acre (2,500,000 km2) area where Yemen is now under consideration for membership (Low and Salazar, 2010, p.3). The special economic relations of these Arab countries, Islamic beliefs, similar political systems, geographic proximity, and common objectives were the drivers to the formation of the GCC (GlobalSecurity.org 2012, p.1). Indeed, the common objectives to the formation of the GCC include the establishment of scientific research centers, joint ventures, and a common market currency by 2010. Moreover, GCC has an objective of strengthening relations between the member states, creating unified military force among the member states, and advocating for private sector coo peration on economic and social matters. GCC equally seeks to formulate similar regulations in the sectors of economy, trade, legislation, tourism, finance, and administration sectors. In addition, GCC seeks to foster technical and scientific growth in agriculture, mining, and industry resources. Most importantly, GCC advocates for perfect coordination, integration, and interrelations among the Six Arab countries for developing the unity of purpose (The Cooperation Council for the Arab states of the Gulf, 2012, p.1). Subject to its objectives, the Gulf Cooperation Council carries out many activities with an aim of remaining relevant to its goals. For a fact, the GCC members are actually autocratic monarchies that have no political interest whatsoever (BBC News, 2012, p.1). Hence, political turnarounds rarely affect their activities. Indeed, the member states of GCC are the most dominant force in the world’s oil industry. Hence, they control the world economy via oil trade. Ac tually, GCC aims at reducing its dependence on the US security though the measures to achieve this are still a mystery to the council with members divided on how to tackle Iraq, Iran and Yemen security threats. Nevertheless, in 1984, the GCC created the Saudi-based Peninsula Shield that is a joint defense force serving all the GCC members and their interests (GlobalSecurity.org 2012, p.1). However, there is need to expand the force to serve the members effectively as proposed by Oman in 1991though this quest faces a lot of opposition. More so, in 2004, GCC member states signed the intelligence-sharing pact to countering terrorism in their territories. This pact has been very beneficial to the members. Similarly, GCC is very conscious on matters relating to the environment and hence it uses significant resources in promoting knowledge on the importance of the environment in the Gulf region. In this line, GCC appreciates and accords prizes to individuals and organizations for Best Env ironmental Activities (Terra Viva Grants Directory, 2011, p.1). Economically, GCC established a common market in 2008 for its products although the members are yet to realize full benefits to this initiative. At the same breath, the customs union declared in 2003 by the GCC is yet to reach maximum returns. Consequently, the knowledge on the status of the GCC is very fundamental in tackling this paper. Ideally, the six member states signed the charter to the formation of the GCC on 25 May 1981 at Abu Dhabi City, United Arab Emirates.

Early Neolithic Social Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early Neolithic Social Organization - Essay Example The first one is Pre Pottery Neolithic which is all about the "true farming" that occurred where people were used to planting and harvesting wheat. Along with farming is the domestication of animals, also to answer their day-to-day needs. This stage was followed by the pre-pottery period where people tried to build their houses made of mud bricks. No long before they learned pottery which further improved their lives and this was the peak of the Neolithic period. The Neolithic period that slowly evolved along with knowledge and experience, somehow showed the presence of social organizations. The presence of hierarchies can somehow be traced through the burial grounds and an example of this is the one found in the excavation in Central Europe where some tombs were found to be different from others in a way that they looked more sophisticated and hard to make, suggesting that others could have afforded labor to create such tombs. Through the Neolithic sites that were explored, what were visible were signs of possibilities for group feuds where others could have been treated more superior like the leaders and the chiefs in tribes. These were more visible in the European Bronze age. (Wikipedia) Moving forward to the possibility of reconstructing the early Neolithic social o... As discussed partly a while ago, there were already the different kinds of tombs found during the excavation. These tombs will then connect us to their culture and social structure, ways and means that they tried to adopt in the past. But firs we try to define what megalithic tombs are and how significant are they to historians, researchers and archaeologists. Maximilian Baldia explores in his essay "Megalithic Tombs and Interregional Communication" how long and how significant these tombs are to us. He said that the closely five thousand megalithic tombs signify how people were connected in different aspects. He also explained that the presence of timber mortuary during the Neolithic period can and might have been the start of the small primeval dolmens in the Early Neolithic. "Furthermore, the popularity of the primeval dolmen may have arisen as a practical solution resulting from the need for suitable large trees required for building houses, palisades, boats and apparently even single-piece wagonwheels. Increased village size, more numerous fields, and larger herds of domesticated grazing animals during the later part of the EN C would have reduced the forests containing these timbers near the villages, making stone construction more cost effective. A decline in tree trunk diameter used in construction from the ENto the MiddleNeolithic (MN), has been noted in conjunction with likely woodland management and supports this argument. Therefore, stone chambers should first have occurred in areas where a large population would have been confined to limited land. The most likely place in the TRB culture area would have been the islands

Macroeconomics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics - Coursework Example When the relationship between demand and price is illustrated in a graphical form it is called the demand curve. The demand curve slopes downward from left to right, because the price of a product goes up the quantity demanded decreases. The demand curve is drawn with the assumption that only the price changes while other factors remain same. Besides such a demand for money in order to carry out various transactions, some people demand it for hoarding or holding wealth in liquid form. It can conveniently be used according to variations in the market conditions (Pinkmonkey.com). Keynes was the first economist to admit the role of speculative activities in modern economy and that of demand for money made by speculators. Such demand is made to invest in capital market for buying shares, bonds, securities etc. when their prices are low. But speculators quickly dispose of their securities when their prices are sufficiently high. They make capital gains from such transactions. In order to carry out this activity, speculators create demand for money on a large scale. Keeping money in this idle form is known as hoarding of money. Keynes has shown that speculative demand for money is highly fluctuating. It all depends upon fluctuating prices and market conditions for securities. Demand for money means demand to hold money on hand. Money in one’s hands earns no income. If converted into goods or other financial assets one can derive either additional utility or income. There are three motives as described by Keynes that makes people hold money on hand. They are: For instance, the working class will get their salaries only on the first of every month, while their expenditures are distributed through out the month. To cater to their day-to-day expenses, people keep aside certain part of their income. It implies that the income which the people receive is periodic while the expenditure incurred by them is continuous. Hence, the

Selected poems by William Carlos Williams pp. 2009-2017.&.Selected Essay

Selected poems by William Carlos Williams pp. 2009-2017.&.Selected poems by e.e. cummings pp 2173-2179 - Essay Example It is the time when the tired frost of winter begins to give way to the solar prowess of the summer months. Many a poet and writer have used it as a metaphorical device for their works. As a symbol of rebirth, spring can affect a joyous sense of elation. Conversely, no birth or rebirth can occur without first something, person, or epoch dying, disappearing, or withering into desuetude. Modern psychology, in the context of patient and cultural interpretation, has assigned to spring this dichotomous quality of bringing in the new and hastening away the old. The work of Carl Jung is particularly applicable in this instance. His analysis of the mother-maiden archetype comprehended spring as one of the many symbols of this primeval human mental construction. To this category belongs the goddess, especially the Mother of God, the Virgin, and Sophia [wisdom]†¦[This] archetype is often associated with things and places standing for fertility and fruitfulness: the cornucopia, a ploughed field, a garden†¦.[Its] evil symbols are the witch, the dragon, the grave, the sarcophagus, deep water, death, nightmares, and bogies. (81-82) For Williams, the image of the widow, or the aged wife and mother, stresses the cyclical and temporal aspect of the Jungian conception of spring. The â€Å"new grass† and the â€Å"masses of flowers† remind the narrator of when she lived happily with her now deceased husband. They resurrect memories of having a family and loving one another (Williams 1998). They had once lived happily together. Rather than symbolizing birth and things anew, the widow is troubled by her spouse’s absence. Instead she bemoans the â€Å"[red] cherry branches† for â€Å"the grief in my heart is stronger than they / for though they were my joy / formerly, today I notice them / and turn away forgetting.† The pain endures. Yet Williams, after underscoring the widow’s sorrows, draws attention to her son who

Mareting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mareting - Essay Example In today's business world it has become crucial for the management to be very keen when pricing of products and services. In pricing a firm should consider the value perception of the customers that is when attaching a price to a product then that price should reflect the value perception of that product. If a firm set a price that is higher than the value of a product; then that means, the demand for that product will go down which consequently will lead to decline in the volume of sales. If this happens then the contribution (sales less variable costs) and the gross margin of that product will decline leaving that firm lesser gross and net profits (Drew 1). Alternatively, if a firm set a price that is less that its value this will lead to high demand since the customers can derive more satisfaction from the product at a lesser cost. When a customer feels satisfied with a given product this will tend to increase his/her expenditure and volumes in that product. The increase in sales of that product may not necessarily lead to increase in the product's contribution or the firm's overall profit since the value of that product is higher than its price (Drew 1). This may lead to a loss in that product and also contribute a loss to a firm's overall profits. ... The price of any product should show a reflection of its value. Every time when a firm is setting a price it should ensure that neither it nor its customers loose from the decision made (Dodd 10). It is of utmost importance for the management or the pricing team to consider both the customer-value perception and therefore, they are responsible for regular and timely review of a firm's products prices and their quality. Comparing a firm's products to other firms trading in similar products in the market which they operate in terms of quality and price is important for that firm if it will remain relevant in the market. The firm should be in a position to differentiate their products from others so that their customers can be in a position to totally distinguish them. This translates to customer loyalty since they will not be faced with confusion due to the products available thereby increasing sales volume and margins of that product. A firm's product that has many substitutes available is at high risk of loosing its market share that is if the firm product doesn't give the much needed satisfaction by the customer in both aspects of quality and price. Therefore, it is imperati ve for a firm to regularly review its products quality by redesigning to avoid being faced out of the market. Further, a firm should always offer competitive prices to its customer in order to compete favorably with other firms' products. But in so doing they should not do it while disregarding the costs involved since after all it will determine their profitability (Dodd 14). Other important internal and external factors affecting a firm's pricing decisions Internal factors (a) Experience curve This is a situation in which the average cost (AC) declines as production of a product

Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nazi Germany - Essay Example However, we know that ethnic nationalism is the focal point of Hitler’s ideology. Nationalism gives rise to unity which can revolutionize the efforts and has a power to bring change at large. Due to this confrontation between racism and nationalism, Nazism has faced strong criticism from the nationalists around the world. This movement led the nations towards extreme destruction and annihilation of the millions innocent people. Moreover, we cannot ignore the fact that this ethnic nationalism was the main root-cause of the Second World War and the main reason for disrupting the international peace. The sole purpose behind mass destruction and violence was to create and sustain the supremacy of the Aryan race and to fulfill the motive; Hitler crossed all the borders of intolerance and abhorrence for other nations, considering them as inferior and substandard nations with low-grade races. This increased aggression and hatred for other â€Å"inferior nations† led towards in tense militarism (Fest). It was plain and clear to observe from the facts that Nazis had a deep desire to dominate the greater part of the world which led them to apply any approach that could help them to achieve their goals. Hitler had an innate desire to stretch his regime towards east-side and to let his â€Å"people† to settle down in the most prosperous states. ... This ethnicity violence and hatred for one another benefited Hitler who already had his ideology based on ethnic nationalism (Curta). Josip Broz Tito, a communist and nationalist stood as the toughest contender for Hitler to proceed in Yugoslavia. Nazis considered the South Slavs as low-grade nations with no background and inferior to Aryans. South Slavs and nationals from east side faced more hatred by Hitler as compare to any other nations that have been victimized by him. It was evidently cleared that he considered them as non-humans and had a degrading feeling for them. After the invasion, they were treated with the utmost humiliation. They were prohibited for better education, basic needs as well as any act of kindness was forbidden for them (Curta). They were viewed as racially inferior group by the Reich. Invasion of Yugoslavia and the Initial Military Resistance (Encyclopedia Brittanica): 6th April 1941 marked the beginning of Directive 25 which resulted in the in the Axis( m ostly German) attack on Yugoslavia and within in 11 combat days the Royal Yugoslav army had unconditionally surrendered to tactically and numerically superior Axis forces on 1th April 1941. The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska—NDH) thus came into being (Fest). Due to the technological and tactical prowess of the Axis forces. The Yugoslav army envisioned a war plan (R-41) that in case of an Axis attack on Yugoslavia, the different corps and army groups in Yugoslavia will retreat to the south and the 3rd Army Group would then coordinate with the Greek Army to focus in Albania and attack the Italian forces based there. Thus, a corridor would be created where the Yugoslav and Greek armies would then meet the Allied forces in the