IPSec and Cryptography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IPSec and Cryptography - Research Paper Example IPsec is very vital since it offers numerous solutions to virtual private Networking (VPN), by giving communication security against untrusted network like the internet. Cryptography refers to the change of plaintext information into a coded form. The aim of cryptography is to offer the necessary security and frontier access to private information. This paper offers a clear discussion of the major functions of IPsec in relation to the cryptographic functions employed by the protocol suite during the packet exchange process. The paper further discusses the limitations of the IPsec in relation to the used algorithms and attacks against IPsec. Functions of IPsec There are numerous functions that the IPsec performs. First, the IPsec is used for data confidentiality. The function is achieved by the IP sec sender encrypting the data packets prior to sending them to another network. The second function is data integrity. This requires the IPsec receiver to authenticate the data packets rece ived from the IPsec sender in order to guarantee the safety of the received data packets. The third function of IPsec is data authentication. This enables the IP sec receiver to confirm the origin of the sent IPsec packets, although the success of this function relies on the data service. The replay function is the fourth function played by the IPSec (Pachghare, 2009). In the execution of this function the IP sec receiver is capable of sensing and eliminating the repeated packets. The above services are offered at the IP layer, thus they can be employed at any upper layer protocol. Such as TCP, UDP, and ICMP, just to mention a few. The IP DOI is also responsible for the provision of the IP compression; this is achieved through the encryption that is done in the IPsec. This hinders sufficient compression by the lower protocol layers (Elkelany, 2002). At the IP layer, the IPsec offers the necessary security that allows the system to choose the suitable security protocols, establish th e algorithms to be employed for the task and reorganize the cryptographic keys needed to offer the application. IPsec are capable of providing sufficient security to more than one path between a protection gateway and host (Pachghare, 2009). IP sec can establish the areas that are susceptible to attacks, thus providing the necessary security. This is achieved by configuring admission lists that are further interfaced in the crypto map sets (Pachghare, 2009). At this point the traffic may be chosen in basing on the origin and destination. There can be several users on a particular traffic, and at the same time the crypto map set might have several admission lists. In order to guarantee the security, a specific sequence must be employed when searching the crypto maps. The traffic usually tries to match the packet in order to gain admittance. When packet gain admittance to a specific data list, the corresponding crypto map is marked as Cisco and the required connections made. IPsec is usually activated whenever the crypto connection is marked as ipsec-isakmp. In the absence of the SA that the IPsec can use to provide the protection to the affected routes, the Internet Key Exchnage (IKE) is usually used to discuss with the secluded users in order to come up with the required IP sec to facilitate the smooth streaming of information. The discussions are usually based on the data specified in the crypto m

Alcohol Abuse Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Abuse Essay Alcohol abuse is perhaps one of the biggest problems in the United States today. It is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects an individual’s lives, but moreover those that surround such a life. In the essay â€Å"Under the Influence† by Scott Russel Sanders, he expresses his emotions through a poem. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. â€Å"The whiskey on his breath could make a small boy dizzy; but hung on like death; such waltzing was not easy. † (258). This poem is one of many effective devices that Sanders uses to clearly and decisively convey to us the readers of how profound the effects of alcoholism are. Sanders reflects back to his childhood and explains his complex relationship with his alcoholic father and the after effects now that he is a grown up. One of Sanders memorable comments in his essay is when he states his father â€Å" He would not hide the green bottles in his tool box, would not sneak off to the barn with a lump under his coat, would not fall asleep in the daylight, would not roar and fume, would not drink himself to death, if only I were perfect† (255). What a strong point of view in a little boys mind; to think, â€Å"if only I were perfect† his father would not drink! Sanders tell us how our children experience the burden, of the effects of alcoholism. Sanders said, â€Å"Father ‘s drinking became the family secret. While growing up, we children never breathed a word of it beyond the four walls of our house† â€Å"I asked my mother if she ever spoke of his drinking to friends. ‘No, no, never’ she replied hastily. ‘I couldn’t bear for anyone to know’†(257). It must be very difficult for a family and, especially for a child not to be able to communicate their suffering to others. Sanders as a chills wasn’t able to be honest; he was force to live a lie. Another comment from Sanders was, â€Å" I hated also the Gallo brothers, Ernest and Julio, whose jovial faces shone from the labels of their wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †I meant to go out there and tell Ernest and Julio what they were doing to my father, and then, if they showed no mercy. I would kill them† (259) Sanders contrast the jovial faces on the wine label to the reality of his father’s fuming. character. Sanders closes with, â€Å"I still do- once a week, perhaps, a glass of wine, a can of beer, nothing stronger, nothing more. I listen for the turning of a key in my brain† (266). Sanders is comparing his drinking to his father’s drinking as an alcoholic. Unlike his father, Sanders is not an alcoholic and has the ability to control his drinking. Work Cited Sanders, Scott Russel. â€Å"Under the Influence† Fifty Great Essays Editor. Robert Diyanni. Pearson. 2011 Pages 258, 255, 257, 259.

A business analysis project for Amazon.com

A business analysis project for Amazon.com INTRODUCTION Business analysis, a process of finding the needs and problems in business and generating solutions to cater to those problems. These Solutions should focus to achieve improvements in the process, incorporation of organisational change, planning and development to set a system of operation that is result oriented and effective. There are numerous tools and techniques used depending on the situation and requirement; few are PESTEL, PORTERs model, SWOT analysis, HEPTALYSIS, MOST, CATWOE, DeBonos six thinking hats, MoSCoW, five whys, VPEC-T and more; however only few of the above tools are used, very frequently in critical analysis at the initial stages. ABSTRACT In this case we analyze as how Amazon.com has been performing off late, using the tools mentioned above. The advantages and disadvantages Amazon.com has over their competitors, where they have been lagging, their financial performance and strategic approach. Critical analysis will be done on their business environment and strategic approach to highlight any possible shortfalls and to provide with appropriate recommendations for improvements. Internal and external analysis will be undertaken to determine their marketing strategy, their response to global e-retailing industry. COMPANY PROFILE Amazon.com based in Washington and found by Jeff Bezos in 1994 is global leader in e-commerce and it was the first company to introduce the concept of selling goods on the Internet. Initially Amazon.com started as an online bookstore and its success led Amazon to diversify into other products such as gifts, music, electronics, groceries, toys and many more. Probably today there is no product that Amazon.com doesnt sell. Amazon.com has developed different internet portal sites for different countries such as Canada, UK, Germany, France, China and Japan. Amazon.com was named after worlds largest river Amazon and was assigned with a logo of an arrow starting from A to Z representing the customer satisfaction as the highest priority and fill their store houses with every product in the alphabet. Amazon.com was open for trading under NASDAQ with a symbol AMZN for the first time on 15 may, 1997 by issuing initial public offering at a price of US $ 18/share. Amazon.com in its early stages was not very successful and did not produce any profits, which made investors rethink about their portfolio, major business and process restructuring was required; they had to cut down their costs to increase the profits and were tied up from diversifying into more products, however Amazon.com survived the dot com bubble in 2000 which was the core reason for many e- businesses to close down and this was the turning point for Amazon.com after which they finally in the fourth quarter, 2001 they made their first profit which generated revenues of more than a billion$ and $ 5million profits in just 1 quarter. This led Amazon.com to prove to the world that their business model was profitable and also they popularized online shopping which was recognized by time magazine and awarded Jeff as the business person of the year. 1.3. MISSION VISION STATEMENTS Amazon.com vision: Our vision is to be earths most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online. (Amazon.com, 2010) Above statement reflects that amazon.com wants to be global leader in e-retailing business by providing the quality products at affordable price using latest technology to build the customer database and gain their loyalty towards the brand; thereby catering to the stakeholders interests and generating profits to the company. Expand themselves all over and build a virtual market place where customers can shop comfortably from at home. ANALYSIS 2.1. EXERNAL ANALYSIS The external environment also referred to as the macro-environment, plays a very important role in the operations of any business. Key environmental factors such as political, economical, social, technological, legal, etc. affect the organisations at various levels. It has become the need of the hour to consider the potential impact of the external factors on the individual organisations. (Johnson et al, 2006). 2.1.1 PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis is conducted to determine current and future trends in political, economical, social, legal, environmental and technological environments, might influence the performance of business and what measures to be taken to avoid any shortfalls. PESTEL Factors Key Points Relevance to Amazon.com Political Government policies incorporate competition and promotion by liberalizing telecom and e-commerce legislation Increase in affordability and internet usage. Investing in national ICT infrastructures by government (Euro monitor) Reliable, faster and better internet usage for the national users. Relaxation of competition policies in industry as compared to heavy industries in EU and North American regions Expansion of markets at greater a pace by mergers and acquisitions. Economic To control inflation, interest rates varied which slows down the consumer spending in UK. Off late spending has seen a downfall in US and rise in Asian markets due to economic growth; main reason being the credit crunch and tightening the housing loan (The Times online, 2008) Opens the gates to other global markets to such as India and china. Between 2006 and 2011 e-retailing grows tremendously by rising sales over 100%. This growth is backed by increase in the number of internet users in US, which has increased approximately by 85% after 2000. (Euromonitor International from national statistics) Increase in potential customers for Amazon.com The annual disposable income exceeds US$5,000. by 2011 covering around 620 million households; of these majority will be in Asia- Pacific next to western Europe. (Euro monitor International from national statistics) Increase in potential customers for Amazon.com leading to the concept of globalization. Social Popularity and increased use of online social networking. Added advantage to market the product and the website Interface available for users to shop and the increase in number of products lead to drop in online shopping. Has to come up with a solution to reduce the security and financial risks to users. Growth of internet from 2002 to 2011 is 288.7%. 28.9% of world population use the internet (Internet World Stats, 2009) Huge market available to exploit and establish. Technological Innovation of latest technologies increased broadcasting, internet access at cheaper cost. Increase in number of users of technical devices such as mobile, iPods, TV, led for increase in internet access for online shopping. Innovations and development of high-speed internet services (broadband) has increased usage rich media applications. Rich media applications are easily available to shoppers on internet. Environmental Awareness about pollution and global warming. Reduced travel and more shopping online. Corporate social responsibility and global pressure to go green. Can incorporate concept of green within postage and packaging, methods. Legal No standard regulations governing e-retailing covering entire globe. Eg. Federal trade commission in USA and data protection act in UK. Should be well aware of both domestic and international legal laws. European E-retailing directive Could impact the cross continental growth of e-retailing considering strict regulations (Jacobson, 2008 as cited in Zugelder et al, 1999). The invention of electronic signatures Law. Removes traditional legal methodologies and instate more secure and transparent legal environment. Summary of PESTEL PESTEL factors indicate attractive global market to be exploited by Amazon.com. Asian markets have reflected tremendous growth opportunities in recent past. Advancement and usage of internet for social networking has led to new opportunities to be exploited. Amazon.com should support environment friendly actions as increased importance is been given to environment these days, also to be a true global company Amazon.com has to incorporate single global strategy which involves legalities common to all of the globe. 2.1.2 Industry competitor analysis (PORTERs Model) For any organisation the industry and competitor analysis is important as it comes handy for businesses to understand the competitive forces, market status, factors influencing, competitive strategic implementations. Porters Five Forces analysis is used to assess the attractiveness of different industries, and therefore, it can help in illustrating the sources of competition in a particular industry (Johnson et al, 2006). Porters five forces High Low Power of suppliers Suppliers retain the control as few brands and special products increase the cost down the network. For example Harry Potter books are exclusive from publisher which is an advantage for Amazon.com E- Retailing sets a stage and makes it much easier for businesses to sell products directly to consumers without any third party in-between. Power of suppliers rise if the control of certain type of products rests with one supplier than fragmented. Products available easily pose low power to suppliers and they have to act to a mower margin. Wider the market, wider is the scope for suppliers thereby increasing number of suppliers. Power of buyer Increased market competition has increased the power of buyers. Increase in number of online stores and comparison sites makes e-retailing business even more difficult. Threat of new entrants Initial capital required for such a business is very low as it doesnt involve any inventory and storage costs and will only need to implement technology Strong brand image incorporates good customer relations and trust. Since the competition is very tight the suppliers who emphasize on economies of scale and consider business turnover over profits make more business and profits in the long run Leaders in the online retail industry hold the advantage of customer loyalty and database while giving edge over the cost. Threat of Substitutes Latest marketing factors such as feel, touch, hear physical stores; makes an effect. One of the major threats to Amazon.com is online rentals instead of purchase as posed by texbookflix.com, bookrenter.com which reduces cost and pile of trash to a major extent. Internet is a global marketplace where consumers can get information and products which are much better in quality and from overseas online for no or very little cost. E-libraries, $ and pound shops mark greater threat nowadays. Mail orders, network marketing, catalogues although not very popular and effective yet pose threat to online buying Competitive Rivalry Search engine plays a major role at the consumer end for it acts as interface between seller and buyer which generates opportunities and PR to other e-retailers. Due to low initial investment costs there are a numerous affiliate online stores which are smaller still increase the competition. Summary of key findings from Porters Five Forces The competition in e-retailing industry is intense. There are number of small organizations adding frequently making the situation even worse. Main competitors to Amazon.com are BN and E-bay. The threat posed by small players and new entrants who can equally compete directly with Amazon.com is very low. When consumers consider prices of goods they also consider brand image and if they are reliable, most of customers expect quality service than just quantity and lower priced service. 2.1.3 Competitor analysis / Benchmarking Amazon.com has a wide product range and equally wide number of websites that compete with Amazon.com. Most of the e-retailers concentrate on introducing variety of products in the current available market or entering the new markets across the globe or both in order to maintain economies of scale which helps catch up with the pace of e-commerce industry. If we consider how diversified the product line is and the geographical markets catered, eBay poses direct competition to Amazon.com. However Amazon.com is the market leader in current trend and they have immediate urgency to expand both their product line and geographical reach to remain as leaders. As we can notice in the above graph, in 2006 Amazon.coms growth rate as compared to that of walmart was very low because walmart was a strong brand by then and had advantages of cross channel synergies and in-store pick up. In 2007 we observe the amazon getting closer to walmarts growth rateas they diversified into products such as music, cds, dvds, mp3 players and more; due to increased competition from these players walmart has been losing its market share continuously and however once can see that by 2008 Amazon.com is almost overtaken the walmart by providing with various offers such as free delivery and customer reviews. (Source: Data monitor) The above table shows position of Amazon.com but they are more diversified into the product line and geographically well spread. Companies like apple, hp, and dell do online retailing only for focussed group of products. However store based companies grew very strongly in 2008, but due to economical, hit not too many companies was able to survive. Amazon.com did by lowering delivery charges and provided with best offers. They also introduced ad-free TV and own download service and film streaming service in 2008 to outplay all of their competitors. Through competitor analysis it can be concluded that BN.com is the leading competitor to Amazon in lifestyle goods and books. However, Amazon has a diversified product range. Wal-Mart.com has almost similar prices as compared to Amazon but they have better product range such as pharmacy, photo printing and etc. Ebay.com also has a wider product range and better geographical reach but their concept is different to Amazon.com More competitive threat posed by Tesco, Wal-Mart as they have physical stores and eBay has better geographical reach, but however Amazon.com has option to develop the strategic alliances as they did in Japan with Lawson to capture the market. Amazon.com has to design its strategies to address these competitive threats. 2.1.4 Global internet trends Internet Usage: china, US, Germany, India, Brazil, Japan are amongst the top 5 countries where internet is used the most; Amazon.com has made its impact in all the above countries except for India. This implies and directs Amazon.com to exploit hidden opportunity in Asian market and huge business potential for future. Graph below shows the popularity of internet in the 21st century, which indicates the future of e-commerce as trends keep changing. C:UsersWELCOMEDesktoptop202010.jpeg (Source: Worldinternetstats.com) The graph below shows the dominance of Amazon.com sector wise. The balloon shows of all the business done by amazon.com majority has been in internet retailing; direct selling, vending and home shopping is almost void. This reflects the influence of internet on the business of Amazon.com. It is also seen below emerging markets and present markets where currently Amazon.com has its presence. Of all the retail sales value Amazon.com holds a very small share but then future trends look brighter as the CAGR expected is highest in India by 2011. This lays a pathway to Amazon.com as to establish themselves without any delay in India. (Source: Data monitor) (Source: Data monitor) 2.2. INTERNAL ANALYSIS Internal analysis can be conducted to determine relationship between the organizations available resources and its application to generate value proposition to the customer, it can also be used to determine the limitations, advantages and disadvantages within the organizations. 2.2.1 The Value Chain The value chain analysis helps determining the effectiveness of actions that makes organizations standout from their competitors and take a lead; i.e. activities that are difficult to duplicate. Applying the framework laid by Amit and Zott (2001) analytical objective of value chain is attaining of transaction cost economies value creation. Amazon.com focuses on reducing the costs in creating unique value to its customers. Support Activities Value creation Firm Infrastructure All of the business units are provided with central customer data warehouse; and planning functions from headquarters. Human Resource Management Amazon.com employees enjoy benefits such as stock grants, relocation allowances, paid Time off medical. Such an approach invites warehouses to be in cheaper locations yet attract skilled labour. Technology Development Amazon.com implements latest technology to leverage opportunities in digital sales such as videos, music, eBooks (The Economist, August 2006) Being able to digitize media for online download or for Search inside the book service. Usage of hardware systems to reduce cost of maintenance and compatibility Procurement Using the SBU-Book bank to maintain inventory of digital copies of books so as to make it available readily for customers on-demand and reduce time of delivery (The Economist, August 2008). Usage of recyclable cardboards for packaging. Primary Activities Inbound logistics Robust forecasting technology ensures no or very returns of goods to suppliers. Collection of customer feedback and experiences to defragment inventory and delivery controls. Operations Secure and fast online payment systems. Employ 24/7 warehouse services to meet consumer demands. Outbound logistics Built in close proximity of a robust transport system e.g. Bedfordshire fulfillment centre located next to M1. Ability to collate orders from around same locations. Marketing Sales Live customer interaction to offer suitable products at discounted prices and product mix, leaving customer feel more valued. Robust shipping price calculation and shipping all the products for the price of one. Service Free consumer friendly returns policy within 30 days on unsatisfaction, inviting consumers to try more new products. Provision to select between old and new products with price comparison 2.2.2 Financial analysis In Q4 2009, Amazon reported 42%, $9.52b rise in sales as compared to worldwide sales of previous year which was $24.51b, a mere 28% rise under the economic pressure; they also benefitted from the investments into customer services in Q3; however rise in their revenues all over the world doesnt imply high profit margins. As compared to the consistent rise in sales, the profits have been fluctuating, however their margins are very low as compared to the turnover, reason being the economies of scale and competition. (Source: GMID) Amazon.com did see a drastic rise in number of active customers in latter half of 2009, in the final quarter the average revenue/ customer rise more than $90, a mere 63% hike as compared to previous quarters. However rise in sales and number of active customers also rise their expenses significantly except for technology costs. $274m, 84% more as compared to previous quarter was spent on marketing activities. They invested money on paid search engine marketing, search engine optimization and content development. Also they entered into price war with their competitors to tie-up consumers by reducing their prices of electronic goods persuading consumers to buy from them which raised the revenues and number of customers. Amazon Global Revenue and Active Customers 2009 (www.365daysofretail.com) Amazon 2009 Expenses: Fulfillment, Technology, and Marketing (www.365daysofretail.com) Below shows a summary of balance sheet and income statements for 10 years, as we can observe amazon.com has been adding value to its stakeholders year on year where EPS has rised to 2.04 from 1.49 previous year. Amazon.com has been very consistent ear on tear however between 2005-2006 their EBIT dropped because they had high budget on marketing and investment in systems which allowed them to stay ahead of competitors. C:UsersWELCOMEDesktop11.bmp C:UsersWELCOMEDesktop12.bmp (www.msnfinance.com) Debt, Capital and gearing ratio indicates the ratio of debt to capital invested. 82% of the finance was from borrowing in 2005 which reduced to 68% in 2006 and has further reduced dramatically. Debts lead to the interest payments decreasing the profit margin, however if the cost of debt is less than capital cost then one can opt for debt, but Amazon has been continuously reducing their debt cost year o year and is just $109m in 2009. New projects has to be financed which emphasizes amazon.com to borrow, this can be justified by the data where interest cover has increased regularly concluding amazon.com ability to pay interest by 33.1 times is profitable. Amazon has huge financial reserves and can used for innovative research and development programs and technological implementations where they can incorporate single global strategy and also penetrate more geographic markets to create value to the stakeholders and customers. 2.3 SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS 2.3.1 SWOT analysis From a detailed Internal and external analysis we can conclude and summarize the Amazon.com strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities from the following SWOT analysis. Strengths Globally recognised brand Research and development programmes Geographical presence Customer focussed vision Diversified product line Incorporation of latest technology Amazon.com affiliate and merchant Program Highly skilled employee base Best inventory and logistics. Huge economies of scale Weaknesses No physical stores Lower profit margin due to high competition Low cash flows Lower market share in countries like India and china. Opportunities Tremendous growth in digital downloads Popularity of social networking Increase of online shoppers in Asian markets Open options for expansion via MA. Increase in e sales and growth of e-retailing Advancement of digital technology Rise in consumer spending across the globe Threats Vastly dependent on vendors Huge competition as it requires low capital Applicable Patent regulations. Piracy Concentrated business vision. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 CONCLUSIONS Analysis tool Key point Strategic essence PESTEL Rise in number of internet users. High priority to environmental issues Various government policies aiding now than before. Rise in internet usage opens new markets like china and India. Environmental issues can be utilized to advantage by incorporating proper CSR. Legal and government policies usually are havoc. Porters 5 forces Rise in competition levels taking into consideration the porters five forces. Amazon.com has the competitive advantage and the value proposition. Competition Competition from new entrants and stores are growing at a very high pace and geographically. Amazon.com strategy and diversified business focus leading to innovation should be implemented. Future internet trends USA, China, Japan, Germany, Brazil and India are the top internet users between 2006-2011. Amazon.com has a presence in all these countries except in India. The value chain Amazon.com is equipped with global IT, high investments in technology and systematic logistics with a centralized management. This stands out Amazon.com from other players in the market hence they should hold the competitive advantage of brand image. Resource Based View Biggest asset of Amazon.com is customer base, web personalization and value proposition they offer to their customer. Utilize the available resources, technology and global strategic reach to outplay competitors. Financial Analysis Rise in revenue every year and %CAGR growth has not led to high profits. Manage costs, resources and economies of scale more effectively to generate more profits 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS Long-term focus Internet retailing presents a challenge to traditional retailing to see increased investments from store based retailers such as wal-mart making it more crucial for amazon.com to maintain a long term vision and invest in innovation, customer experience, diversified product range in spite of profit maximization expectations. Exploit New Markets Amazon.com should consider entering into more new markets especially Asian where the buying power, standard of living and the demand has rised dramatically over past few years as global economic changes take place. Downloads Expansion Amazons core business in future will be digital downloads, although they were latecomer in the field of film, music, TV downloads they have to cater to the demand in a highly competitive market along with their diversified product line. Also they have to concentrate on eBooks media division. Sensitivity to changing variables It is very important for amazon.com to be sensitive to the minor particulars such as changing trends, tastes, preferences of consumers from time to time as the purchasing power and changing lifestyles generate more demand leaving companies like Amazon.com to respond hence such a market research and imagination will be an advantage. Build selling opportunities Amazon.com should seek ways to sell products to customers with less havoc, instantly and securely as they did in text message selling without internet. In order to achieve this they need to have high end technical skills. Recently released kindle can also be used as a tool to increase the download sales.

Juliets Diary :: Papers

Juliet's Diary Sunday Today has been both amazing and terrible. Amazing because I have fallen in love with a wonderful, handsome man yet terrible as he is a Montague, my one enemy. Mother and father also wish me to marry Paris, one of father friends. Dancing with him tonight he seemed to be very charming. I am sure he is a lovely gentleman but I do not wish to marry him. I have met a man who I do wish to marry, Romeo. He is handsome and kind. We engaged in vows of love. He also wishes to marry me. He is very romantic he said to me "My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss." I could not help but fall for him. I met him tonight at my father's party. Even our meeting was romantic our eyes met across the crowed party, he's extremely attractive he made me feel like no man had ever made me feel before. I've always believed in love at first sight, I'm so happy that it's happened to me. Unfortunately our meeting at the party was cut short. This is when I discovered my love was my enemy nurse told me "His name is Romeo, and a Montague; the only son of your great enemy". What does a name matter when you are in love? I would happily give up my name and be married to him. My only love sprung from my only hate! Earlier Romeo snuck into the garden and we met again. He risked getting caught for me so I know he loves me as much as I love him. He asked me to marry him just as I was about to leave. He said "The exchange of thy love's faithful vow for mine." It wasn't the most romantic way to be asked to marry someone but I couldn't refuse It's I wanted. I'm worried about how my fathers going to react to my news. We will have to get married in secret father would never let me marry

Importance of Friedns in Life Essay

Throughout the twenty-eight years of my life, I have had many friends, yet some of them would be called my admirable friends. No one of us can live without a friend. In truth, my friends can be divided into three types: honest friends, caring friends, and bibliophilic friends. My first exciting type of my friends is honest friends. Two of their prime traits are trustworthy and dutiful. They can tell me what the matters are with me even though they may not such good friends after telling. I remembered that when I had to evaluate my listening records, one of my friends said that my first record was terrible. She pointed out my weaknesses, so I could fix them. When I had difficult times, they helped me out and cheered me up. I was so appreciated another of my friends who I had lent money when I was unemployed in 2005. In addition, she spent time to drive me anywhere to look for jobs. This group of friends usually calls me to hang out with them, and we feel really happy together. I often go the mall with them at least once a week even though we cannot find out anything to buy. In short, this type of friends is wonderful for anytime. My second exciting type of my friends is caring friends. Two of their dominant traits are kind and sensitive. They know how to tell me what the problems are by the softest way. Last year, I got into a car accident. One of them came to see me right away after I called her. She had driven me to work and anywhere for two weeks. When my times are hard, they treated me kindly and helped me a lot. I will never forget another of my friends who had fed me for a couple weeks. I also borrowed her $200 at the time I had no job. However, she refused to take it back when I returned. This kind of friends is sensitive to my feelings, and they pay attention to me whether I am happy or sad. We often go out together for dinner or movie. As a result, they are delightful if I share or chat about my problems in my life. My third exciting type of my friends is bibliophilic friends. Two of their leading traits are awkward and intellective. They do not know how to observe on things delicately. By the time I asked my friend that how I dressed, she said that it was too ugly. They are sometimes with me when I have trouble although they are too busy in the libraries or work with their computers. They did not even know that I got into second accident in this January; however, they helped me out with homework from school. I remembered that when grandfather died in 2001, I had not gone to school for a week. One of them tried to write all of my lessons, and another one tried to explain to me those lessons. Nonetheless, they are not the kind of people who like to hang out with. They prefer staying the libraries to going shopping. To sum up, this group of people is satisfactory for a study, but they are not concordant with having fun. In conclusion, my truthful friends, my caring friends, and my bookworms have fulfilled my life with many significant things that they have done for me. I think it is important that we treat our friends well with respect and kindness just like they treat us. I am thankful to have those friends, and I will hold on them forever and ever.

The Stupidest Angel Chapter 21

Chapter 21 AVENGING ANGEL Oh shit, oh shit, oh shit, oh shit, Theo thought. He twisted his ankle when he hit the ground; pain shot up his leg like liquid fire. He fell and rolled onto his back in the mud. He'd pushed the remote button that unlocked the Range Rover too soon the vehicle had chirped and the lights had blinked, alerting the undead. He'd made the jump blind, and missed. They were coming for him. He pushed himself up and started hopping toward the Range Rover the car key ready in his right hand, his flashlight lost behind him in the mud. Grab him, you rotting fucks,† screamed Dale Pearson. Theo fell forward as his good foot slipped out from under him, but he rolled back to his feet, a bolt of pain shooting white-hot across his shin. He caught himself on the back window of the black Range Rover, snatching at the rear wiper for balance. He risked a glance back toward his pursuers and heard a loud thump by his head followed by a deafening screech. He turned just in time to see a skeletal woman sliding across the roof of the Range Rover, leading with her teeth. He ducked, but not before he felt fingernails raking his neck, teeth thumping into his scalp. She rode him to the ground and he could feel a grating pain in his head as the zombie tried to bite through his skull. His face was pushed into the mud. His nostrils and mouth filled with water, and amid a flashing whiteness of terror he thought, I'm so sorry, Molly. â€Å"Yuck! That's hideous!† said Bess Leander, spitting a couple of teeth on the back of Theo's head. Marty in the Morning grabbed Theo by the head and licked the teeth marks that Bess had left. â€Å"That's horrible. He's stoned. I'm not eating stoned brains.† The undead moaned in disappointment. â€Å"Get him up,† said Dale. Theo inhaled a great spray of mud along with his first breath and he went into a coughing fit as the undead lifted him up and held him against the back window of the Range Rover. Someone wiped the mud out of his eyes, and a stench that made him gag filled his nostrils. He could see the dead but animated face of Dale Pearson only inches from his own. The corpse's foul breath overwhelmed him. Theo tried to twist away from the evil Santa, but decaying hands held his head fast. â€Å"Hey, hippie,† said Dale. He held Theo's flashlight down by his Santa beard to illuminate his face from below. There were two stripes of bloody drool running down either side of the beard. â€Å"You're not thinking that your pot-smoking ways are going to save you, are you? Don't.† He pulled a snub-nose revolver out of the pocket of his red coat and shoved it under Theo's chin. â€Å"We'll have plenty to eat. We can afford to waste you.† Dale ripped open the Velcro fasteners of Theo's jacket and started feeling around his waist. â€Å"No gun? You suck as a lawman, hippie.† He went to the pockets of Theo's cop shirt. â€Å"But this! The one thing you can be depended on for.† Dale held up Theo's lighter, then reached in, tore the whole pocket off the cop shirt, and wrapped the dry fabric around the lighter. â€Å"Marty, try this. Keep it dry.† Dale gave the lighter to a rotting guy with a wet Ziggy Stardust red mullet, who slogged back to the pile of debris at the side of the chapel. Theo watched as Marty in the Morning bent over the pile of plywood, pine branches, two-by-fours, cardboard, and the torn-up body of Ben Miller. The wind was still whipping, the rain less intense now, but even so the drops stung Theo's face when they hit. Don't light, don't light, don't light, Theo chanted in his head, but then his hope drained away when he saw the orange flame catch on the debris, and Marty in the Morning pull away with his sleeve on fire. Dale Pearson stepped aside so Theo could see the fire whipping up the side of the building, then put the .38 against Theo's temple. â€Å"Take a good look at our little barbecue fire, hippie. It's the last thing you're going to see. We're gonna eat your crazy wife's brains char-broiled.† Theo smiled, happy that Molly wasn't inside, wouldn't be part of the massacre. â€Å"I didn't hear ‘Shave and a Haircut, † said Ignacio Nunez. â€Å"Did you hear ‘Shave and a Haircut'?† Tuck panned his flashlight across a dozen frightened faces, then one whole side of the chapel went orange with the light from the fire outside the windows. One woman screamed, others stared in horror as smoke started to snake in around the window frames. â€Å"Change of plan,† Tuck said. â€Å"We go now. Guys in front of your groups. Give the car keys to the next person back.† â€Å"They'll be waiting for us,† said Val Riordan. â€Å"Fine, you burn up,† Tuck said. â€Å"Guys, knock over whatever gets in your way, everyone behind just keep going for the cars.† All the barricades and braces had been removed from the chapel doors. Tuck put his shoulder against one door, Gabe Fenton was on the other. â€Å"Ready. One, two, three!† They threw their shoulders against the doors and bounced back into the others. The doors had only opened a couple of inches. Someone shone a flashlight through the gap to reveal a huge pine-tree trunk braced against one of the doors. â€Å"New plan,† shouted Tuck. Theo tried to look at the fire, but he couldn't see beyond the undead eyes of Dale Pearson. Thought had fled. There was just fear and anger and the pressure of the gun barrel against his temple. He heard a whooshing sound and a thump by his ear and the gun barrel was gone. Dale Pearson was stepping away from him, holding a dark stump where his gun hand had just been. Dale opened his mouth to shout something, but in that second a thin line appeared across his face at nostril level and half of his head slid to the ground. He slumped in a pile at Theo's feet. The hands that were holding Theo let go. â€Å"Brains!† screamed one of the undead. â€Å"Crazy-woman brains!† Theo fell on top of Dale's rekilled body, then spun around to see what was happening. â€Å"Hi, honey,† Molly said. She stood on the roof of the Range Rover, grinning, wearing a leather jacket, sweatpants, and her red Converse All Stars, holding the ancient Japanese sword in Hasso No Kamae before her, the blade gleaming orange in the light from the burning church. There was a dark swath across the blade where it had hewn the head of the zombie Santa. Theo had never been a religious man, but he thought in that instant that this must be what it was like to look on the face of an avenging angel. The zombies who had been holding Theo reached for Molly's legs, and in a single motion she stepped back and brought the sword around in a low arc that sent a rain of severed hands flying into the mud. The undead wailed around her, and tried to claw their way onto the SUV with their stumps. Bess Leander tried to replicate the move she had used on Theo, stepping up the hood behind Molly and diving across the roof of the Range Rover. Molly spun and sidestepped, making a low swing with her sword that would have not looked out of place on a golf course. Bess's head rolled off the top of the Land Rover into Theo's lap. He pushed it aside and got to his feet. â€Å"Honey, you might want to go let everyone out of the chapel before they burn up,† said Molly. â€Å"I'm not sure you want to watch this.† † ‘Kay,† said Theo. The undead had left their stations at the front and back doors of the chapel, where they had been waiting to ambush the escaping partyers, and charged Molly. Three fell headless while Molly stood on the Land Rover, but as they surrounded her, she ran and leaped over the heads of the mob, landing behind them. Theo ran for the front doors of the chapel, his vision blurred from the rain and the blood running into his eyes from the bite wound on his head. He looked back for a second and saw Molly sailing over the top of her attackers. He nearly ran into two great pine logs that had been braced against the chapel doors. He looked back a second and caught a glimpse of Molly mowing down two more zombies, one split down the middle from the crown of his head to his sternum, then he turned and tried to get his back under one of the logs. â€Å"Theo, is that you?† Gabe Fenton had his face pressed in an inch-wide gap between the doors. â€Å"Yeah. There are logs against the doors,† Theo said. â€Å"I'm going to try to move them.† Theo took three deep breaths and lifted for all he was worth, feeling as if veins would explode in his temples. The wound on his head throbbed with every heartbeat. But the tree trunk moved a couple of inches. He could do this. â€Å"Is it working?† yelled Gabe. â€Å"Yeah, yeah,† said Theo. â€Å"Give me a second.† â€Å"It's filling up with smoke in here, Theo.† â€Å"Right.† Theo strained again and the log moved another two inches to the right. Another foot and they'd be able to get the door open. â€Å"Hurry, Theo,† said Jenny Masterson. â€Å"It's – † She went into a coughing fit and couldn't finish what she was saying. Theo could hear everyone coughing inside. Wails of rage and pain were coming from the side of the chapel where Molly was fighting. She must be okay, they were still yelling about eating her brain. Another lift, another two inches. Gray smoke was streaming out the crack between the doors. Theo fell to his knees with the effort and almost passed out. He shook himself back into consciousness, and as he prepared to put his back into another effort, hoping it wouldn't be his last, he noticed that the screaming had stopped at the side of the chapel. Rain, wind, the coughing of the trapped, and the crackle of the fire. That was all he heard. â€Å"Oh my God. Molly!† he screamed. A hand on his cheek, a voice at his ear. â€Å"Hey, sailor, need a little hand getting your church door open, if you know what I mean?† Sirens sounded in the distance. Someone had seen the burning chapel through the storm and had somehow gotten through to the volunteer fire department. The Lonesome Christmas survivors were gathered in the middle of the parking lot, illuminated by headlights. The heat from the fire had driven them nearly seventy-five yards to the street. Even this far away, Theo could feel the heat on his cheek from the fire as Lena Marquez bandaged his head. Others sat in the open hatchbacks of SUVs, trying to catch their breath after being exposed to the smoke, drinking bottled water or just lying there dazed. Around the burning chapel the wet pine forest steamed, a great white cloud rising into the sky. Down the left side of the chapel: carnage – a rekilling ground of the undead, where Molly had hacked them into submission, even chasing down the last few in the woods and decapitating them after she and Theo had let the partyers out of the chapel. Molly sat beside Theo, under the open hatchback of someone's Expedition. â€Å"How did you know?† he asked. â€Å"How could you possibly have known?† â€Å"The bat told me,† Molly said. â€Å"You mean he showed up and you said, ‘What's wrong, boy, is Timmy trapped down a well? and he barked to tell you that's what was wrong? Like that?† â€Å"No,† Molly said. â€Å"It was like, ‘Your husband and a bunch of other people have barricaded themselves in the chapel against a horde of brain-eating zombies and you need to go save them. Like that. He has some kind of accent. Sounds Spanish.† â€Å"I for one am glad that you went off your meds,† said Tucker Case, who was standing next to Lena as she bandaged Theo's head. â€Å"A few hallucinations are a small price to pay, if you ask me.† Molly held up her hand for him to be quiet. She stood and brushed the pilot aside, looking back toward the burning church. A tall dark figure in a long coat was coming toward them through the killing field. â€Å"Oh no,† said Theo. â€Å"Everyone get in the cars and lock them.† â€Å"No,† Molly said, dismissing Theo's instructions with a distracted backward wave. â€Å"We're okay.† She met the angel in the middle of the parking lot. â€Å"Merry Christmas,† said the angel. â€Å"Yeah, you, too,† said Molly. â€Å"Have you seen the child? Joshua?† asked Raziel. â€Å"There's a kid over there with the others,† said Molly. â€Å"That's probably him.† â€Å"Take me to him.† â€Å"That's him,† Theo said. â€Å"That's the robot guy.† â€Å"Shhhhhh,† Molly shushed. Raziel walked to where Emily Barker was holding her son, Joshua, sitting on the back of Molly's Honda. â€Å"Mom,† wailed Joshua. He hid his face in his mother's chest. But Emily was still stunned by witnessing her mate's death, and she didn't react at all except to hold the boy tighter. Raziel put his hand on the boy's head. â€Å"Fear not,† he said. â€Å"For I bring you tidings of great joy. Behold, your Christmas wish has been granted.† The angel waved toward the fire and the carnage and the exhausted and terrified survivors as if he were a game-show hostess presenting a washer/dryer set. â€Å"Not what I would have wished for,† the angel said, â€Å"but I am but a lowly messenger.† Josh rolled in his mother's arms and faced the angel. â€Å"I didn't ask for this. This isn't what I wished for.† â€Å"Sure it is,† said Raziel. â€Å"You wished that the Santa you saw killed be brought back to life.† â€Å"No, I didn't.† â€Å"That's what you said. You said you wanted him brought back to life.† â€Å"That's not what I meant,† said Joshua. â€Å"I'm a kid. I don't always get stuff right.† â€Å"I'll vouch for that,† said Tucker Case, stepping up behind the angel. â€Å"He is a kid, and he is wrong most of the time.† â€Å"We still should cut your head off,† said Josh. â€Å"See,† said Tuck. â€Å"Always wrong.† â€Å"Well, if you didn't mean you wanted him brought back to life, what did you mean?† asked Raziel. â€Å"I didn't mean I wanted Santa to be a zombie and kill big, dumb Brian and everything. I wanted everything to be okay. Like it never happened. So it would be a good Christmas.† â€Å"That's not what you said,† said Raziel. â€Å"That's what I wanted,† said Joshua. â€Å"Oh,† said the angel. â€Å"Sorry.† â€Å"So he's an angel?† Theo said to Molly. â€Å"Like a real angel?† Molly nodded, smiling. â€Å"Not a killer robot?† Molly shook her head. â€Å"He's here to grant a Christmas wish, to one child.† â€Å"Like it never happened?† the angel asked Joshua. â€Å"Yeah!† said Josh. â€Å"Oops,† said the angel. Molly stepped over and put her hand on the angel's shoulder. â€Å"Raziel, you fucked up. Fix it?† The angel looked at her and grinned. Perfect teeth, if a little sharp. â€Å"So be it,† he said. â€Å"Glory to God in the highest, peace on Earth, goodwill toward men.†

Free Essays on The Religious Systems Of The Huron And Cheyenne

The Religious Systems of the Huron and Cheyenne The price of religion to a human in one of the most important factors in one’s life, as well is their own being. People practice religion for several reasons, throughout the world it is practiced as it being part of their heritage. However many people seek religion for the feeling of security. There are hundreds of different cultures throughout the world, some who believe in everything including their health is left up to the Gods to heal, while others believe in praying for the advanced technology of today may help them to survive. This to them is their feeling of security, whether it is seen different in someone else’s opinion because to them it is what has them to be the person they are. The religious systems of the Huron and the Cheyenne vastly different, however; they did have some similarities. This can be seen through their worldviews of the supernatural universe, the role of shaman in the society, and their attitudes towards death. First, the Huron and the Cheyenne worldviews of the universe differed but also had some similarities. To start, the Huron shared a set of believes, however they were open to innovation and borrowing of religious beliefs from neighboring tribes. The Huron’s people were free to interpret and practice religion as he as she wished, with in the constraints of public opinion. The Huron did not build and special buildings or shrines for religious purposes or ceremonies. The Huron transmitted specialized knowledge of religious beliefs through elderly men. At major feasts these men would stand up and recite their stories. In the Huron religion everything including man made objects had souls. Humans had two souls. The onnhekwi, or life soul animated the body and made each part function. This soul was as large as the body or organ and had the same shape. These souls accounted for actions such as breathing, heart rate, and all bodily motion. Eac... Free Essays on The Religious Systems Of The Huron And Cheyenne Free Essays on The Religious Systems Of The Huron And Cheyenne The Religious Systems of the Huron and Cheyenne The price of religion to a human in one of the most important factors in one’s life, as well is their own being. People practice religion for several reasons, throughout the world it is practiced as it being part of their heritage. However many people seek religion for the feeling of security. There are hundreds of different cultures throughout the world, some who believe in everything including their health is left up to the Gods to heal, while others believe in praying for the advanced technology of today may help them to survive. This to them is their feeling of security, whether it is seen different in someone else’s opinion because to them it is what has them to be the person they are. The religious systems of the Huron and the Cheyenne vastly different, however; they did have some similarities. This can be seen through their worldviews of the supernatural universe, the role of shaman in the society, and their attitudes towards death. First, the Huron and the Cheyenne worldviews of the universe differed but also had some similarities. To start, the Huron shared a set of believes, however they were open to innovation and borrowing of religious beliefs from neighboring tribes. The Huron’s people were free to interpret and practice religion as he as she wished, with in the constraints of public opinion. The Huron did not build and special buildings or shrines for religious purposes or ceremonies. The Huron transmitted specialized knowledge of religious beliefs through elderly men. At major feasts these men would stand up and recite their stories. In the Huron religion everything including man made objects had souls. Humans had two souls. The onnhekwi, or life soul animated the body and made each part function. This soul was as large as the body or organ and had the same shape. These souls accounted for actions such as breathing, heart rate, and all bodily motion. Eac...

Cell Theory essays

Cell Theory essays Cell theory- all organisms are made of one or more cells and the products of those cells. An organism may be a single cell, such as a bacterium, or many cells organized to function together as in an animal or plant. In many celled organisms, there may be intercellular material made by the cells. All cells carry on life activities. The life activities of a many celled organism are the combined result of the activities of its individual cells. New cells only arrive from other living cells by the process of cell division. This is where the DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. RNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores. Proteins needed inside the nucleus are transported in through the nuclear pores. The nucleolus is usually visible as a dark spot in the nucleus (note the dark nucleolus in this electron microscope photo of a nucleus), and is the site of ribosome formation. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where RNA is translated into protein. Protein synthesis is extremely important to cells, and so large numbers of ribosomes are found throughout cells (often numbering in the hundreds or thousands). Ribosomes exist floating freely in the cytoplasm, and also bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER bound to ribosomes is called rough ER because the ribosomes appear as black dots on the ER in electron microscope photos, giving the ER a rough texture. These organelles are quite small, made up of 50 proteins and several long Ranks intricately bound together. Ribosomes have no membrane. Ribosomes disassemble into two subunits when not actively synthesizing protein. Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are the sites of aerobic respiration, and generally are the major energy production center in eukaryotes. Mitochondria have two membranes, an inner and an outer, clearly visible in this electron microscope photo of a mitochondrion. Note the reticulations, or many enfolding, of the inner...

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Contemporary Issues in International Business - Essay Example Thus, inter-dependency of states has become a critical factor that necessitates evolution of monetary system for currency exchange in the inter-state trade practices. In the post WWII era, Bretton Wood System had addressed the issue of international finance and currency relationship to promote stable trade amongst the countries. As a result, international agencies like International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank had emerged. IMF’s major objective was to facilitate and promote international business and stabilize foreign exchange through balance of payment for countries that were unable to meet their debt payments. At the same time, World Bank provides grants and low interest or interest free loans on easy term to credit worthy under developed and developing countries in the areas of poverty alleviation, health, education, environment conservation, sustainable development etc. The bank gets its finance from the donation from its member countries and the repayment of loans and interest money. In the recent times, the roles of these two agencies have come under lot of criticism. Thus, the roles of IMF and World Bank need to be analyzed and evaluated for introducing to make them more effective in the contemporary environment of global values. IMF is primarily a monetary system that was created in 1944. The initiatives taken in the Bretton Wood System had promoted US dollars as major currency because at that time, America was economically strong and was seen as a major facilitator of economic growth and opportunities. Another major factor was that the dollar was backed by huge reserve of gold deposit in America. IMF provided the necessary impetus to the international trade and economic cooperation amongst nation through mechanisms that included multilateral system of payment by member countries, stability in foreign exchange and supporting economically weak member nations with short term problems of ‘balance of payment’. It had also extended long term funds to developing countries which had faced the balance of payments problem during the structural changes that were needed to promote the socio-economic development of the region. World Bank was also an important actor in the socio-economic development process of under developed and developing countries. While it extended soft term loans and grants to these countries, it is also a commercial lender and is not totally dependent on the developed nations for its financial viability. It has relatively huge foreign exchange reserve and is therefore able to meet its various obligations. But in the recent times, many of its creditors have failed to repay the loans. Oxfam has claimed for 100% debt relief to 33 highly indebted poor countries (Mallaby, 2004). At the same time, emerging new economies like India and China have developed huge foreign reserves of their own and rely less on these agencies for funds. Most importantly, the transforming global economy has disturbed the d ominant position of US dollars. The fast emerging economies like India and China have challenged the American monopoly in the global market. It has not only not remained a major donor to the international agencies but the deteriorating economic conditions of America with a large foreign debt and deficit account balance, have adversely impacted dollar. The fixed exchange rate of currency has collapsed under new market based economy. The diktats of free trade and liberalization of economies across the globe have become important factors that demand new mechanisms for creating mutually beneficial trade practices. With market enforced floating currency rates, the political legitimacy of IMF and World Bank has become highly controversial. These agencies need to redefine their goals vis-a-vis new market

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Hispanic American Diversity - Essay Example Within this umbrella term â€Å"Hispanic† there are various sub groups, usually defined by the origins of the first immigrants to the USA. Mexicans form the largest group, who make up more than half of the total, followed by the Puerto Ricans, who make up about a 10%, and then the Cubans who only represent about 3.5%. The situation is complicated by the often vague definitions and usage of the two words â€Å"Hispanic† and â€Å"Latino† or â€Å"Latina† which sometimes refer to different groups, and sometimes are used interchangeably. For the purposes of this paper the term â€Å"Hispanic Americans† will be used to refer to all those who share the cultural heritage which originated in Spain and was transported to the southern parts of the American continent. Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans are terms used to refer to people whose family origins are clearly from those particular countries. The term Latino American will be used to refer to those who have some connection with the Hispanic culture which is not specifically tied to the above named three groups. Many third and fourth generation Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans and other Hispanic Americans have parents from more than one cultural heritage, or themseleve marry into different cultural groups and absorb much of mainstream American culture. These people lose their specific cultural ties to the home of their older relatives but many of them still retain elements of a more generalised Hispanic culture. This last group will be referred to as â€Å"Latino Americans†. Relations between the USA and Mexico have been been economically tied together from the very beginning. In the first half of the twentieth century Mexicans arrived in large numbers seeking a better life and at first their focus was to recreate their homeland family and religious life in the cities of the southern states of America. The Depression of the 1920s resulted in rates of immigration being curbed for a time, and this allowed

Contemporary Issues in International Business Essay - 1

Contemporary Issues in International Business - Essay Example Thus, inter-dependency of states has become a critical factor that necessitates evolution of monetary system for currency exchange in the inter-state trade practices. In the post WWII era, Bretton Wood System had addressed the issue of international finance and currency relationship to promote stable trade amongst the countries. As a result, international agencies like International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank had emerged. IMF’s major objective was to facilitate and promote international business and stabilize foreign exchange through balance of payment for countries that were unable to meet their debt payments. At the same time, World Bank provides grants and low interest or interest free loans on easy term to credit worthy under developed and developing countries in the areas of poverty alleviation, health, education, environment conservation, sustainable development etc. The bank gets its finance from the donation from its member countries and the repayment of loans and interest money. In the recent times, the roles of these two agencies have come under lot of criticism. Thus, the roles of IMF and World Bank need to be analyzed and evaluated for introducing to make them more effective in the contemporary environment of global values. IMF is primarily a monetary system that was created in 1944. The initiatives taken in the Bretton Wood System had promoted US dollars as major currency because at that time, America was economically strong and was seen as a major facilitator of economic growth and opportunities. Another major factor was that the dollar was backed by huge reserve of gold deposit in America. IMF provided the necessary impetus to the international trade and economic cooperation amongst nation through mechanisms that included multilateral system of payment by member countries, stability in foreign exchange and supporting economically weak member nations with short term problems of ‘balance of payment’. It had also extended long term funds to developing countries which had faced the balance of payments problem during the structural changes that were needed to promote the socio-economic development of the region. World Bank was also an important actor in the socio-economic development process of under developed and developing countries. While it extended soft term loans and grants to these countries, it is also a commercial lender and is not totally dependent on the developed nations for its financial viability. It has relatively huge foreign exchange reserve and is therefore able to meet its various obligations. But in the recent times, many of its creditors have failed to repay the loans. Oxfam has claimed for 100% debt relief to 33 highly indebted poor countries (Mallaby, 2004). At the same time, emerging new economies like India and China have developed huge foreign reserves of their own and rely less on these agencies for funds. Most importantly, the transforming global economy has disturbed the d ominant position of US dollars. The fast emerging economies like India and China have challenged the American monopoly in the global market. It has not only not remained a major donor to the international agencies but the deteriorating economic conditions of America with a large foreign debt and deficit account balance, have adversely impacted dollar. The fixed exchange rate of currency has collapsed under new market based economy. The diktats of free trade and liberalization of economies across the globe have become important factors that demand new mechanisms for creating mutually beneficial trade practices. With market enforced floating currency rates, the political legitimacy of IMF and World Bank has become highly controversial. These agencies need to redefine their goals vis-a-vis new market

Literature Review - Organisational Change Essay Example for Free

Literature Review Organisational Change Essay Team report you are to list 6 issues facing CanGo that you gleaned from the week 1 and 2 videos. They should be prioritized in order of importance. They should be numbered. The team must then come up with an actionable recommendation for each of the issues found. These should also be numbered. 1. CanGo does not have a a concise vision or mission statement that defines who they are as a company. Solution: CanGo needs to find out what market they want to be in and also figure out what market they want to be in, and where they see themselves going as a company and what values they have. . CanGo did not approach the strategic planning correctly for the online gaming. They discussed going into a new market with no prior knowledge of how the market operates. They also do not have the proper staff to begin the new business venture. Solution: I think that CanGo should do more research for the online gaming market. I also think that if they decide to go in this new direction that they should outsource some of the work and train some of the people they have on hand to help save costs. Liz needs to sit down and complete all of he steps in the strategic management process, including: SWOT analysis, mission statement, long term goals, implementation, strategic choice, evaluation, revision, and vision statement. Conducting a firm financial analysis of the overall project can prevent and reduce higher costs. Setting short-term and long-term goals will give the team a better outlook on the launch of the online gaming system. 3. Nick’s issue with organization is indicative of a bigger issue; the company does not have a structured approach to scheduling, planning, or reporting progress. Solution: CanGo lacks organization. There should be a better system for filing information, and a clear understanding of what each individual’s responsibilities within the company are. This way they would have a better understanding of which staff members are capable to complete which jobs, and those which be able able to with more training. This way tasks will not be inappropriately assigned. Set up a training session or a number of sessions as needed to bring everyone up to speed as far as what is expected for status reporting, prioritizing, scheduling tasks, and de-conflicting schedules. . Nick and the team members are not organized and they are distracting to each other when they are supposed to be working. Solution: The members should be more considerate in talking about some other topics. They can talk about side topics after work, and not during meetings. The main focus is to help out Nick on how to be successful on their new venture. Nick needs to be organized and read y to do the job. 5. Nick did not have a proper plan in place for the launch of the gaming system. He also did not step up and ask for help when he needed it. Solution: Nick should have figured at a proper plan for the launch of the online gaming system. A strategic goal plan should have been approved and put in place before Nick and the team were able to start on the project . Nick should have prioritized and been specific about the goals in the planning of the project through the use of the Gantt Chart. This would have allowed him to give a breakdown of all the issues that needed to be addresses such as hardware, software, recommendations, price comparisons, and testing. Nick not only failed to ask for help, but he did not ask any clarifying questions when the project was assigned to him. The instructions he was proved when given the project were vague and incomplete. He should have advised someone if he was incapable of doing the job in the first place, but he also should have sought more information and assistance if he was capable of doing the job. 6. During the planning meeting the manager quickly points out issues and made statements such as, â€Å"we need†, â€Å"we should†. He never gave any specific assignments, no dates or expectations. Solution: Design a structure for meetings such as this. Have the manager come into the meeting with a determined list which everyone can add to and discuss. He should also assign people to specific tasks based on their skills along with an expected completion date to make certain nothing is dropped. Establishing the projected deadline and developing an outline of the tasks to be accomplished over the course of time will help him reach his goals.

Ansoff And Sfa Evaluation Management Essay

Ansoff And Sfa Evaluation Management Essay GM could use product development to improve revenue on a number of brands. However GM must work to drive down costs. Using Porters (1984) cost based generic strategy. It shows reducing costs can also create a competitive advantage. If costs are lowered and price is kept relatively similar this will improve profits (Hines, 2004). This could be seen as a suitable and acceptable option. However how could the costs be reduced? Many suppliers are suffering similar problems from the recession. One strategy would be too merge or acquire existing suppliers, a method of external development (White, 2004), which would reduce costs, improve core competencies and could even lead to technological development. However is this feasible? The strategy has risk, as this may not necessarily reduce costs or improve profits therefore it is not totally acceptable. GM should continue operating in Europe for the foreseeable future. They have changed the business strategy to focus on becoming leaner and developing core brands, while investing considerably in diversification (Sunderland, 2009). This is the best strategic option open to GM however it must be managed well. Applying it to the main success criteria can highlight how this is the best action (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2007): Suitability This strategy addresses the position of GM. Outlined within the SWOT analysis was the need for product development and the introduction of smaller car ranges. GM have already committed to investing if it gets new products into the market faster (Vlasic, 2009). Additionally McAlister (2009), states that GM are already working on new products that they can continue building within the UK plants beyond 2013. An identified strength was its large supply and distribution network therefore using this core competency it can implement new product ranges. If a competitive advantage is gained then it can use the European market as an additional sales environment. Although Yip (2003) states global strategies can have different driving forces, competencies can still be applied if GM understands the local cultures (Lynch, 2003). Staying in Europe is a logical step. To withdraw now could lead to larger costs in the future, such as re-entry into the market as sales in this area cannot be ignored. Ec onomies of scale exist such as an extensive knowledge through suppliers etc so risk would be low for the implementation of any new strategies. Feasibility GM are a global organisation, they have an existing network of both tangible and intangible resources. However significant investment is needed in RD, which could be attained through selling underperforming brands, although as mentioned GM are willing to commit to this aspect. There are no significant issues of time scale but change is not always immediate. For this strategy to work the rate of change must be quick (Johnson et al, 2007) and adopting a new culture is the priority so the management and workforce must show commitment. This could be difficult as the previous culture was slow to react and very bureaucratic (Maynard, 2009). In the future resources may be needed within Europe and by opting to stay GM will have greater access, making the option more feasible. Acceptability A number of stakeholders benefit from this strategy. They government expect GM to keep sales high in order to pay back their debts and this can be achieved more efficiently by existing in a larger market. GM advised there will be a number of job losses, helping towards their restructure and reduction of wages (BBC, 2009). Additionally GM has made the correct decision ethically. This business is vital for a number of industries and therefore helps towards employment so withdrawing from Europe could have a huge effect on suppliers, distributors etc. Finally GM has also made the best decision for their owners. Staying in this market will increase sales and further product development could help sustain a competitive advantage. Although diversification failed in 2004 (Vlasic, 2009) with the mass produced but under marketed EV1 range (Vlasic, 2009), it is possible with the correct investment and understanding it can be a success. Although as outlined above this is the best strategy available to GM, focus must be placed on developing new technology. Bowmans strategy clock (appendix 12) shows that offering differentiated products at a market average price can lead to increased sales through high perceived service benefits (Wheelen and Hunger, 2008). If GM were to market any new technology at a high price it could lead to strategy failure as these products may already exist. In comparison if GM introduces similar products at a lower price it could create an immediate and sustainable competitive advantage. Example 2 Ansoff Matrix, proposed by Igor ansoff, used to classify and explain 4 strategies for business growth. For the case studied, GM opted for consolidation and market penetration. GM uses consolidation strategy (Ansoff) to increase sales without drifting from its original product, we speak of market strategy. GM wants to penetrate this market by improving product quality and provide a real service to these customers. To achieve its goal, GM spends large sums of money in marketing and communication, like advertising for example. This strategy is important for GM because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new customers. It therefore decided to keep five brands already in its possession. Yet, GM is moving beyond its customer base to attract new customers for its existing products. This strategy often involves the sale of existing products into new international markets. For example, the new GM wants to expand its market share thanks to the demand emerging countries like Brazil, China, and India. Indeed, these countries are expanding and it is a growing market for years in the motor industry. Evaluation of the strategies To evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy of the new GM, the SFA (Suitability, Feasibility and acceptability) is an important tool. This theory presented by Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (seventh edition, p. 371, 2005) may help us to analyze the potential of the strategy. The suitability of this strategy is well. The old GM was producing big cars and consumed a lot. They were not economic and do not respect the environment. Thus, the American manufacturer has seen its sales fall in recent years. In addition, the feasibility of this option is good. The new GM has a lot of knowledge and an impressive physical capital. GM already knows the brands it represents. In addition, engineers are working continuously to develop more economical cars. There is a university in the company to provide access to information. Moreover, GM today focuses on 5 brands instead of 11; it can devote a largest share of investment in the RD sector. To finish, GM has received some aids. To finish, the acceptability of this strategy is good. GM is supported by many governments and organizations (for the development of new energy) for its restructuring. It receives financial aid. The US government spends money for GM restructuration, in return GM has to develop clean cars. Personally, I chose the same option as it is obvious that the Old GM had a wide range of products. But they do not come up to consumers expectations. In addition, I took the risk to launch the company into emerging market because there is great potential in sales. Thus, I proposed new models for this market and even open factories, specifically to come up to consumers expectation. Example 3 Identification and Evaluation of Strategy Product development and related diversification (Ansoff, 1988) Mc Afees software will provide Intels chips with hardware-enhancing security (Takahashi, 2010) which leads to a competitive advantage. This strategy is classified as product development since Intel delivers a technologically modified product to its existing market (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). As Mc Afee remains an independently run security company which stays in its market (BBC News, 2010) it is regarded as one key player in the emerging market of cloud computing (Takahashi, 2010). This vertical integration enables Intel to expand to new markets, diversify the risk through a broader product portfolio and enhance its growth perspectives. Therefore Intel follows the strategy of a related diversification (Johnson et al, 2008). Suitability The strategic directions are suitable as long as they address the key issues identified previously (Johnson et al, 2008). As Intels current market is almost stagnating, the strategic direction should enable long-term growth. Moreover it should incorporate the knowledge of consumer and technological trends in mobile computing. With the acquisition of McAfee, Intel addresses the trend for security and energy efficiency in chips. Moreover they react to the saturated market of PCs as McAfee is expected to be a key player in the growing market of cloud computing (Takahashi, 2010). Another issue arises from anti-trust regulations which prevent Intel from acquiring competitors. A vertical integration does not violate any laws while it enables Intel to enhance its growth perspectives in new markets (diversification). Feasibility Intels strength to finance their investments from their operating profit supports the financial feasibility of the acquisition strategy. Intels healthy financial position allows the company to exploit RD to integrate McAfees security software in their chips. Moreover they gained much experience with MA initiatives from the past (Intel, 2010). This implies that they have strong resources and competences in place which enhance the strategys effectiveness. Acceptability The acquisition was decided unanimously by the both boards. However, falling stock prices of Intel (Appendix 6) reflect suspicious shareholders (Hardawar, 2010). A possible reason for mistrust is seen in a lack of understanding of the gains in comparison to the immense acquisition costs. Intel argues that the financial position justifies the $7.68bn acquisition (BBC News, 2010) which is supported by the assumption to regenerate the $5 billion cash spend for the acquisition in less than a year (Hardawar, 2010). However, the deal may help Intel to gain wider long-term profit margins which reflects a higher shareholder value (King, 2010). Since the acquisition enhanced Intels vertical integration focus and does not place any threat towards anti-trust violations, there is no risk incorporated with governmental intervention (Hardawar, 2010).

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Essay -- BDD Self Image Health Essays

Body Dysmorphic Disorder People now a days have a problem with the way they appear. For hundreds of years, people, especially females, have been concerned with their weight, the way they look, and the way people perceive them. In the article, Do You Have a Body Image Problem? author Dr. Katharine A. Phillips discusses the concerns with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Dr. Phillips uses her knowledge or ethics to discuss the effects that BDD has on people today. She also uses emotion to show the reader how people are seriously affected by this disorder. In Dr. Phillips article, she discusses how people are emotionally and socially affected by the body dysmorphic disorder, and how society is also affected by it. The human body is one of the most beautiful things that anyone can have. There is not one body that appears to be the same. However, many people think that their body should look the same as somebody on the cover of a magazine. But little do people know that the bodies on the covers of magazines are airbrushed, or are a combination of a couple of different people put into one body. If it is so simple to see that we should not idealize others bodies, then how come people do? That is where media plays a role; they make the average person believe that they should look like the models today. When people realize they cannot look like models, they develop different disorders. One of the disorders that Dr. Phillips discusses is BDD, which is body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder consists of people who are obsessed with how they appear. Everybody is concerned with how they appear, but people who have BDD are overly concerned with how they look. This disorder can socially affect them by not al... ..., the picture has good symbolism because it shows that you should have fun, and you should enjoy how you look. Another advertisement that this site contains is a rounded rectangular box that contains the words â€Å"Everyone tells you how to look good† and it shows a lady in a sitting position possibly doing yoga. The box does not contain what it is advertising for, but it gives the viewer the eagerness to check out what it contains. This web site contains plenty of examples of ethos, pathos and logos. Women.com and Dr. Phillips did a good job creating a web site that appeals to the human eye. This site gives someone comfort in trusting the information that it contains due to who wrote the article and who sponsors it. I found this site to be very informative, and I liked how it allowed the spectator to link to many other trustworthy and helpful sites.

Diabetes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since diabetes is such a complex disease with many different forms, I decided to focus on diabetes type I. This is known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes includes people who are dependant on injections of insulin on a daily basis in order to satisfy the bodies insulin needs, they cannot survive without these injections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand the disease you need to know about insulin. Insulin is a hormone. The role of insulin is to convert the food we eat into various useful substances, discarding everything that is wasteful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the job of insulin to see that the useful substances are put to best use for our well-being. The useful substances are used for building cells, are made ready for immediate expenditure as energy and also stored for later energy expenditure. Insulin comes from the beta cells which are located in the pancreas. In the case of diabetes type I almost all of the beta cells have been destroyed. Therefore daily injections of insulin become essential to life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cause of diabetes is an absolute or lack of the hormone insulin. As a result of this lack of insulin the processes that involve converting the foods we eat into various useful substances does not occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the products that is of vital importance in our bodies is glucose, a simple carbohydrate sugar which is needed by virtually every part of our body as fuel to function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insulin controls the amount of glucose distributed to vital organs and also the muscles. In diabetics due to the lack of insulin and therefore the control of glucose given to different body parts they face death if they don't inject themselves with insulin daily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since strict monitoring of diabetes is needed for the control of the disease, little room is left for carelessness. As a result, diabetic patients are susceptible to many other diseases and ser-ious conditions if a proper course of treatment is not followed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other diseases a diabetic is open to: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Peripheral artery disease, gangrene, kidney disease, blindness, hypertension, nerve damage, impotence etc.

Reasons for Hitler to become a tyrant

Hitler was the founder of the National Socialist German Workers Party and one of the most Influential voices of his time. He Implemented the Holocaust, the mass execution of the Jews, Gypsies, and people he considered inordinate. Hitler was known for being very cruel to many people and punished those who disobeyed his rule. In November of 1921, he had realized that he had a powerful skill in oratory and could speak like none other. He founded the Nationalistic Socialist German Workers Party and created the swastika.He started to lead Germany in many rebellions against other countries. Hitler was furious with what how the nations of the world mistreated Germany after World War l, and wanted to get revenge. As World War I ended, there were many reparations that were needed to be done. Many countries were In a state of depression and anger was fueled inside all of them, and someone had to pay. The League of Nations Indicted Germany of the crimes that were done, and Germany had to pay th e money for all the nations' compensations. Everybody In Germany, Including Doll Hitler, was enraged by this decision, because they had to pay more taxes.Hitler thought someone needed to stand up for judgment, and with his oratory skills, he tried convincing the people of Germany to rebel against the world. He conducted many speeches all over Germany, and many people agreed with his ideas and with the support that he gathered from his people, he overthrew the nation's government and gathered all the power. When Germany was weakened, considering it had to pay for all the reparations, the government collapsed. In addition to that, most of the German states made their own Constitutions and did not follow the main Constitution.The army of Germany was under General Hans von Sects, and he wanted to destroy the government. The leadership of the previous Kaiser of Germany was not present anymore, and the people did not have anyone to look up to. In fact, most people wanted dictatorship to c ome back, so they could get ruled again. Germany was split up Into small independent states, and Doll Hitler did not like this. He wanted a single, strong, united Germany with a strong government, so they could fight against the Allied states and get their revenge.He immediately started throwing leadership campaigns, ND many people bent to his opinion. A couple years following his campaigns, Hitler became the leader of Germany. Thirdly, he rose to power was because he gained a lot of money. Fresh out of World War l, Hitler didn't have a lot of money and was financially unstable. When Hitler realized that Germany didn't have a strong leadership, he decided to step up to the case. He didn't have the money to set up propaganda or any sort of art to convince them, so he conducted a lot of speeches.By doing so, many rich entrepreneurs In Germany offered Hitler money to restore Germany. With that money, Hitler could create propaganda, so that he could get the people's support. Also, Hitle r could set up many campaigns all over Germany and attracted many that the Jews and other people who he considered â€Å"morally unjust† were to blame, and the Germans showed distrust towards these people. He put Josef Gobbles in charge of the propaganda, because Gobbles was able to appeal to the peoples' feelings instead of arguing against them.Gobbles communicated the views of the Nazi perfectly and a lot of people, especially the youth, started to follow Hitler in his billions. With this type of power, there was no stopping Hitler. At the end of the war, everyone in Germany lost something. Even Hitler lost someone, his mother. Before the war, Germany was a big and threatening country, but in the post war, nobody was scared of it anymore. It was Just some poor third- world country that no one cared about anymore. Hitler was positive that he could get Germany's moral back.In his speeches, he promised that he will bring Germany back up and give everyone something. He basicall y promised the impossible to a nation of people who were in desperate, starving, loss of credibility, and utterly defeated at the mercy of the nations to help rebuild them. The government was doing little to bring Germany back, but the people never listened to them. Hitler appealed to their pride, and they supported him. As Hitler started to create more and more campaigns, he soon started enemies. There were many opposing parties that electioneered against Hitler.Since the German Constitution was not effective, Hitler could do whatever he wanted. His men or the Gestapo Secret Police and the Storekeepers, would often attack his opposition. With more and more parties getting destroyed by Hitter's organization, fear spread throughout the people. He showed the country who he really was and no one, including the government, wanted to mess with him. Along with the many campaigns he held and the fear he created, the people of Germany admired Hitler, because of his body language and his per sonality. He appealed to a people who had been defeated and humiliated.The people wanted a leader who was not afraid of anything and is willing to stand up for his country. His body language as shown well and used as a great way to get across his message. The people of Germany adored how he could organize everything so perfectly and was driven to become the dictator of Germany. A lot of people referred to him as the Messiah of Germany. Disaster struck the United States in 1929, when the Stock Market collapsed. Everyone lost a lot of money, and the United States of America did not have a lot of money. They had to shut down their major imports with other countries, Germany being one of them.Since Germany had to pay for all the war reparations, their sports were a primary source of making money. With the Great Depression, they lost one of their main exports, and Germany started to lose money. Inflation rose greatly in Germany, and money started to lose value. Unemployment shot up drast ically, and people were not making money. The people of Germany wanted someone to blame. Hitler thought that if he can get the people back to work, he can get lot of followers. He started to talk about the Nazi party and why it is beneficial, and more and more people started to Join the Nazi party, because it was their last chance of hope.Since the Nazi party went from 12 people in 1928 to 230 in 1932, Hitler gave people what they wanted. In 1932, the population of the Nazi party started to decline, and the elections about suicide. A man named Paul von Hindering gave him a helping hand and set him up with a friend of his, Chancellor Franz von Pane. Von Pane was having trouble getting people to listen to him and needed someone who he can trust to rule Germany. He gave Hitler a position as vice-chancellor, but Hitler declined, because Hitler thought he was suited for a higher position.Taking a risk Hindering and von Pane gave Hitler the position of Chancellor. They made a very bad mis take, because Hitler used this to have total control of the power in Germany. He finally got what he wanted, and he didn't take power, he was given it. There were many reasons for why Hitler rose to the position where he was, but there are a few that stand out among the others. The biggest reason for why he got so much power was because of the outcome of World War II. Since Germany had to pay for all the reparations, everyone in Germany was mad at the other nations.No one would stand up and rebel against them. Hitler took a stand and wanted to show the other countries that Germany doesn't deserve the treatment. He capitalized on this decision and created the Nazi party that would end the nightmare the Germans were living in. Another reason for why he rose to power was through his speeches and his extravagant character. The government of Germany did not do anything about the ruins and had a hard time getting its people to listen it. The people of Germany wanted someone who was brave, logical, and willing to stand up to his country.Hitler had all those qualities, and he was not afraid to speak. The Germans saw this in him and took the liberty of following in him for his rise to power. A third reason for why he had risen to great power was through his use of propaganda. He thought that he needed to get the people of Germany to believe what was right and wrong. Hitler thought the only way to do this was through the use of propaganda. By using that, he led the people to believe that they need to stand up for what's right. Hitler was and still is, one of the greatest leaders of all time.